THE SIDDIQUI ACADEMY

  Prepared by : SHAHBAZ SIDDIQUI UTTARAKHAND BOARD (2023-2024) THE SIDDIQUI ACADEMY® NOTES ARE SUBJECTED TO COPYRIGHT. हाइड्रोकार्बन हाइड्रोजन और कार्बन से बने यौगिकों को हाइड्रोकार्बन (hydrocarbon in Hindi) कहते हैं। यह संतृप्त तथा असंतृप्त दोनों प्रकार के होते हैं। हमारे दैनिक जीवन में हाइड्रोकार्बन का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है। जैसे – एलपीजी और सीएनजी आदि ईंधन के रूप में प्रयोग में लाए जाने वाले हाइड्रोकार्बन हैं। एलपीजी द्रवित पेट्रोलियम का संक्षिप्त रूप है जबकि सीएनजी संघनित प्राकृतिक गैस का संक्षिप्त रूप है। हाइड्रोकार्बन का वर्गीकरण हाइड्रोकार्बन विभिन्न प्रकार के होते हैं। हाइड्रोकार्बन का कार्बन-कार्बन (C—C) आबंध की प्रकृति के आधार पर तीन वर्गों में वर्गीकरण किया गया है। 1. संतृप्त हाइड्रोकार्बन 2. असंतृप्त हाइड्रोकार्बन 3. एरोमैटिक हाइड्रोकार्बन 1. संतृप्त हाइड्रोकार्बन वह हाइड्रोकार्बन जिनमें कार्बन परमाणु परस्पर एकल बंधों द्वारा जुड़े होते हैं। तब इस प्रकार के हाइड्रोकार्बनों को संतृप्त हाइड्रोकार्बन कहते हैं। जैसे – मेथेन, एथेन, प्रोपेन तथा ब्यूटेन आदि। 2. असंतृप्त हाइड्रोक...

 The Tale of Melon City Summary The poem begins with a description about the King who ordered an arch to be built. When he rode down that arch, it hit his head and his crown fell down. It was because it was built too low. The King thought it was dishonorable and thus commanded the chief of builders to be hanged. The chief of builders put the blame on the workmen who in turn, blamed the bricks. The King orders for the execution of the mason who put the blame on the architect. The architect is brought to the Royal Court and indirectly blames the King for the wrongly constructed arch. The placid King now grows angry and demands for the wisest man in the country to be brought to the Royal Court. They brought the wisest man, who was so old that he could neither see nor walk. According to him, the arch must be hanged. When the arch is supposed to be executed, one of the ministers argue that it would be a shame to punish something that had touched their mighty King’s head. Everyone, along...

 Birth Summary Birth Summary – The lesson begins with Andrew walking towards his home after having an unpleasant time with his girlfriend Christine. Upon reaching home at around midnight, he finds Joe Morgan outside his house waiting for him. Joe and Susan had been expecting a child. Upon reaching, Joe tells Andrew that he is too anxious to be going inside, so Andrew walks in alone. He realizes that there is still some time left. Susan’s mother, who is wise but tense at the moment, offers him some tea. While he is sipping his tea, he begins thinking about his girlfriend. He recalls how his friends too are having a hard time in their relationships. On the other hand, he feels that marriage is meant to be something peaceful and cheerful. Thus, he finds himself in a conflict. Susan’s mother tells him how worried Susan is for the child because the situation is complicated. After performing the procedure, the child is born, but is lifeless. Confused between addressing the child or the m...

  The Ghat of the Only World- Summary The lesson opens on a note where the author’s friend Shahid who has a malignant tumour wants him to write about him after his last breath and how the author resists it. This is because of his lack of ability to respond in a situation like this. Shahid knew him well and thus, he made him agree on this. The author tells us how he made notes of every encounter and telephone conversation with Shahid after that day to be able to write about him. Now, the author’s fascination with his friend dates back to a time when they were not friends. Amitav knew Shahid for his work in poetry. It was only through a friend that they met but remained only acquaintances. A year later when Shahid moved to Brooklyn, they got closer upon frequent brunches. It was after a sudden temporary lapse of memory, that Shahid moved from Manhattan to live with his sister. The author mentions one such day when he went along with Shahid’s siblings to pick him up from the hospital ...

  What is Pascal’s Law? According to Pascal’s Law, “The external static pressure applied on a confined liquid is distributed or transmitted evenly throughout the liquid in all directions”. The static pressure acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid. Pascal also found that the pressure at a point for a static fluid would be the same across all planes passing through that point in that fluid. Pascal’s law is also known as Pascal’s principle or principle of transmission of  fluid-pressure . In 1653, Pascal law was stated by French mathematician Blaise Pascal. Pascal Law Formula Following is the formula of Pascal law: F = PA Where F is the force applied, P is the pressure transmitted, and A is the cross-sectional area. Related Articles: Hydraulic Machines And Their Applications Hydrostatic Pressure Example of Pascal’s Law Let us understand the working principle of Pascal’s law with an example. A pressure of 2000 Pa is transmitted throughout a liquid...

 Class 11 Chemistry Revision Notes for Chapter 4 – Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure – Free Download Introduction: Atoms are generally incapable of free existence while groups of atoms of the same or different elements exist as one compound. For example H2O2, H2O. A molecule is a collection of atoms that exist as a single species and share common traits.  Chemical Bond  The process of producing a chemical compound by forming a chemical link between two or more molecules, atoms, or ions is known as chemical bonding. The chemical link between such resulting molecules is called a chemical bond. Types of Chemical Bonds Include: Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Polar Bonds  Modes of Chemical Composition An electrovalent bond, also known as an ionic bond, is created when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. This process is known as electrovalency. This can happen in the following two ways: A covalent bond is formed when the two j...

 Comprehension passage 1 I am the mother of three children. My youngest daughter is sick. She has an illness that will never go away, but it can be managed. She needs medicine to manage her illness. This medicine used to cost ten dollars a month. Now it costs thirty dollars a month. Without this medicine, my daughter has trouble breathing. Sometimes her lungs do not work well. She cannot get enough air into her lungs. Then she needs the medicine to help her lungs work again. We have to buy the medicine. We do not have a choice. But it will be hard to find an extra thirty dollars a month. Our family will have to spend less money on other things. Comprehension passage 2 Watching is meditation. What you watch is irrelevant. You can watch the trees, you can watch the river, you can watch the clouds, you can watch children playing around. Watching is meditation. What you watch is not the point; the object is not the point. The quality of observation, the quality of being aware and alert...

  केशनली   में उठे द्रव की ऊंचाई का सूत्र चित्र के अनुसार, कांच की एक स्वच्छ और समान व्यास की केशनली को बर्तन में भरे द्रव में सीधा खड़ा किया गया है। केशनली में उठे द्रव की ऊंचाई का सूत्र r = केशनली की त्रिज्या है T = पृष्ठ तनाव (जल या जिस द्रव में केशनली खड़ी है) h = केशनली में चढ़े द्रव की ऊंचाई AEB = केशनली में द्रव का नवचंद्रक AEB अवतल है। 2πr = केशनली में द्रव के वक्र पृष्ठ की गोल परिधि यदि द्रव कांच के लिए स्पर्श कोण θ हो तो यह प्रत्यानयन बल केशनली की दीवार से कोण θ पर द्रव के भीतर की ओर लगता है। केशनली की दीवार भी प्रतिक्रिया के कारण उतना ही बल T द्रव के वक्र पृष्ठ की परिधि की प्रत्येक एकांक लंबाई पर बाहर की ओर लगता है। इस बल के क्षैतिज घटक Tsinθ तथा ऊर्ध्व घटक Tcosθ में वियोजित है। क्षैतिज घटक Tsinθ परिधि की प्रत्येक प्रत्येक एकांक लंबाई पर बाहर की ओर कार्य करते हैं अतः पूरी परिधि के लिए उनका परिणाम में बल शून्य होगा। ऊर्ध्वाधर घटक T cosθ, परिधि 2πr की प्रत्येक एकांक लंबाई पर ऊपर की ओर कार्य करते हैं अतः ऊपर की ओर कल आरोपित बल=  2πr × T cosθ यह बल ही केशनली में चढ...