BIOLOGY - LIFE PROCESS

 What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?

Solution:

Life processes such as respiration, digestion, excretion, circulation and transportation are essential for maintaining life.

1. What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?

Solution:

Autotrophic Nutrition	Heterotrophic Nutrition
Organism prepares its own food and is not dependent on any other organism.	An organism that does not prepare its own food and is dependent on other organisms for food.
Food is prepared from CO2, water, and sunlight.	Food cannot be prepared from CO2, water, or sunlight.
Chlorophyll is required for food preparation.	Chlorophyll is not required for food preparation.
Green plants and certain bacteria have autotrophic modes of nutrition.	All animals and fungi, most bacteria, have heterotrophic modes of nutrition.

2. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?

Solution:

Plants require the following raw material for photosynthesis:

1. CO2 is obtained from the atmosphere through stomata
2. Water is absorbed by plant roots from the soil.
3. Sunlight is an essential raw material for photosynthesis
4. Nutrients are obtained by soil by plant roots

What is the function of digestive enzymes?

Solution:

Digestive enzymes break complex food molecules into simpler ones. This will make the food absorption process easy and effective. Absorbed food is transported to all parts of the body by the blood.

How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?

Solution:

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are transported in human beings via the bloodstream. Oxygen is carried to the cells, whereas carbon dioxide is carried away from the cells. The exchange of gases takes place between the alveoli of the lungs and the surrounding blood capillaries.  Oxygen is absorbed by the blood capillaries from the lungs’ alveoli by diffusion, while carbon dioxide is absorbed by the lungs’ alveoli from the blood capillaries by diffusion.

What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?

Solution:

The heart, blood and blood vessels are the main components of the transport system in human beings.

What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?

Solution:

There are two types of conducting tissues in highly organised plants that carry out the transport system 1) Xylem 2) Phloem. Xylem conduct water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant parts. Similarly, Phloem transports food materials from the leaf to other parts of the plant.

4. How are water and minerals transported in plants?

Solution:

Xylem parts of the tracheids and vessels of roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels that reaches all parts of the plant. Transpiration creates a suction pressure which forces water into the xylem cells of roots. After this, there will be a steady movement of water from the root xylem to all parts of the plant connected through conducting interconnected water-conducting channels.

5. How is food transported in plants?

Solution:

Food is transported in plants by a special organ called the phloem. Phloem transports food materials from leaves to different parts of a plant. Transportation of food in phloem is achieved by the expenditure of energy from ATP. This increases osmotic pressure in the tissue, causing water to move. This pressure moves material in the Phloem to the tissues with less pressure. This helps in the transportation of food materials as per the needs. Example, Sucrose