ACID BASE & SALT

 

SCIENCE CLASS 10TH CHAPTER-ACID BASE AND SALT FORMULA & IMPORTANT POINTS

Science Formulas

Class- 10th chapter- Acid base and salt Formula & Important points

acid, base and salt

IndicatorColour in acidic solutionColour In basic solution
Blue litmus solutionRedNo colour change
Red litmus solutionNo colour changeBlue
Phenol phthanleinColoruressPink
Methyl orangePinkYellow

Physical properties of Acids and Bases:

 Acids Bases
➞Sour taste➞Bitter taste
➞Turns blue litmus to red➞Turns red litmus to blue
➞Provided H+ ions When dissociated➞Provided OH– ion when dissociated
➞pH less than 7➞Bases dissolve in Water to give alkalies

pH more than 7 upto 14

➞strong acids HCl, HNO3, H2SO4➞strong base NaOH, KOH
➞weak acids H2CO3 CH3COOH H3PO4➞weak base NH4OH

 

NameTypeChemical FormulaWhere found or used
Carbonic acidMineral acidH2CO3In soft drinks and lends fizz, in stomach as gastric juice, used in tanning industry
Nitric acidMineral acidHNO3Used in the manufacture of explosives.

(TNT, Nitroglycerine) and fertilizers

(Ammonium nitrate, Calcium nitrate, Purification of Au, Ag.)

Hydrochloric acidMineral acidHClIn purification of common salt, in textile industry as bleaching agent,

to make aqua regia mixture of HCl

and HNO3 in ratio of 3 : 1

Sulphuric acidMineral acidH2SO4Commonly used in car batteries, in the manufacture of fertilizers

(Ammonium sulphate, super phosphate) detergents etc,

in paints, plastics, drugs, in manufacture of artificial silk,

in petroleum refining.

 

Phosphoric acidMineral acidH3PO4Used in antirust paints and in fertilizers.
Formic acidOrganic acidHCOOH(CH2O2)Found in the stings of ants and bees, used in tanning leather,

in medicines for treating gout disease of joints.

Acetic acidOrganic acidCH3COOH(C2H4O2)Found in vinegar used a solvent in the manufacture of dyes and perfumes

manufacture of dyes and perfumes

Lactic acidOrganic acidCH3CH(OH)COOH(C3H6O3)Responsible for souring of milk in curd.

 

Benzoic acidOrganic acidC6H5COOHUsed as a food preservation.

 

Citric acidOrganic acidC6H8O

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