Forces & Laws of Motion

 

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

When balanced forces are applied to an object, there will be no net effective force acting on the object. Balanced forces do not cause a change in motion.

Unbalanced forces acting on an object change its speed and/or direction of motion. It moves in the direction of the force with the highest magnitude.


Frictional Force

The force that opposes relative motion is called friction. It arises between the surfaces in contact.

Example: When we try to push a table and it does not move is because it is balanced by the frictional force.

First Law of Motion

A body continues to be in the state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. The First Law is also called the Law of Inertia.

Inertia

Basically, all objects have a tendency to resist the change in the state of motion or rest. This tendency is called inertia. All bodies do not have the same inertia. Inertia depends on the mass of a body. The mass of an object is the measure of its inertia.

Momentum

Impacts produced by objects depend on their mass and velocity. The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and velocity. p = mv

Second Law of Motion

The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the force.

Third Law of Motion

Newton’s 3rd law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Action and reaction forces are equal, opposite and acting on different bodies

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