civics

 What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Answer.

There are different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies. They are given below:

  1. Horizontal distribution of power – Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example: India
  2. The federal division of power – Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Example: India (Union Government and State Governments)
  3. Community government – Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups. Example: Belgium
  4. Power-sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements – Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Answer.

While prudential reasons stress that power-sharing will bring out better outcomes. In India, the power is shared horizontally among various organs of government. The Legislature, Executive and Judiciary are responsible for administering India. Reservation is applicable in India, where various sections are given benefits over others to avoid conflicts.

Moral reasons emphasise the very act of power-sharing as valuable. In India, citizens are conferred with fundamental rights and directive principles of state policies are implied in the government.

Match List I (forms of power-sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists.

List IList II
1.Power shared among different organs of governmentA. Community government
2.Power shared among governments at different levelsB. Separation of powers
3.Power shared by different social groupsC. Coalition government
4.Power shared by two or more political partiesD. Federal government

Answer.

List IList II
1.Power shared among different organs of governmentSeparation of powers
2.Power shared among governments at different levelsFederal government
3.Power shared by different social groupsCommunity government
4.Power shared by two or more political partiesCoalition government

9. Consider the following two statements on power-sharing and select the answer using the codes given below.

A). Power-sharing is good for democracy.

B). It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Which of these statements are true and false?

(a) A is true, but B is false
(b) Both A and B are true
(c) Both A and B are false
(d) A is false, but B is true

Answer.

(b) Both A and B are true

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