THE SIDDIQUI ACADEMY

  1 Introduction Answer → Compounds are of two types: (i) Organic Compounds (ii) Inorganic Compounds → Organic Compounds are made up of Carbons and form the basis of all living organisms. 2 The Covalent Bond Answer → Carbon always forms covalent bond. → The bond formed by sharing of electron pair between two atoms are known as covalent atoms. • Noble gas configuration of Carbon → Carbon is tetravalent, it does not form ionic bond by either losing four electrons (C 4+ ) or by gaining four electrons (C 4- ). It is difficult to hold four extra electron and would require large amount of energy to remove four electrons. So, carbon can form bond by sharing of its electrons with the electrons of other carbon atom or with other element and attain noble gas configuration. → The atoms of other elements like hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, chlorine also form bonds by sharing of electrons. • H – H single bond between hydrogen atoms (H 2 ) • O = O double bond between oxygen atoms (O 2 ) • N ≡ N ...

  CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Oxidation Number An element acquires an imaginary or appearing charge over each atom when it changes from its elemental free state to its combined form in molecules. It is ascertained by applying a random set of guidelines. In a specific bonded state, the charge is relative. It has proven possible to use oxidation numbers as a more useful method to monitor electron changes in chemical reactions involving compound formation. Throughout this process, the full transfer of electrons from a less electronegative to a more electronegative atom is always anticipated. Rules Governing Oxidation Number The oxidation number of each element in a variety of compounds can be determined using the following formulas. It’s crucial to keep in mind that these guidelines are based on the element’s electronegativity. Atom of Fluorine Fluorine is the most electronegative of all the elements (known). In all of its compounds, it has an oxidation number of –1. Hydro...